Indiana university college of arts and sciences professor of cognitive science and director of the center for research on concepts and cognition douglas hofstadter will deliver the second lecture in the 20052006 presidential and endowed lectures in the humanities and arts series. Although these tasks are performed automatically, they are far from. Analogies are partial similarities between different situations that support further inferences. Pdf emmanuel sander is professor of psychology at university of parisviii. They act to attract confirmatory evidence and repel or distort disconfirmatory evidence. A chapter titled analogy as the core of cognition, written by hofstadter and previously published in the analogical mind.
This is the first book to span the full range of disciplines concerned with analogy. Perspectives from cognitive science 2001, appears on the presidential. Tonights talk, analogy as the core of cognition, was also outside the computer science domain, but my popsci interest in brain books has given me more dots to connect. Pdf the central role of analogy in cognitive science. Having accepted but wavering as to what to say, i finally chose to eschew technicalities and instead to convey a personal perspective on the importance and. It suggests that the human mind may be innately endowed with a small number of basic cognitive systems that provide human infants with a head start in learning. Analogy as the core of cognition stuyvesant high school. Pdf analogies have always been considered a central part of human intelligence and cognition. Less than an hour after hofstadters talk, i read this passage in birth of the mind p.
Analogy and qualitative representations in the companion. This observation from the plowden report cace 1967 remains as true at the time of writing in 2015 as it was in 1967. The most influential work on computational modeling of analogy making is structure mapping theory smt and its implementation in the structure mapping engine sme. Analogical reasoning and learning are central to human cognition. Ontology is a formal representation of a set of domain concepts and.
It has been argued that analogy is the core of cognition. Mar 05, 2001 through analogy, novel situations and problems can be understood in terms of familiar ones. Computational models of analogy northwestern university. Elements of moral cognition rawls linguistic analogy and the cognitive science of moral and legal judgment. What do neuroscientists think about douglas hofstadters. Childrens cognitive development and learning introduction at the heart of the educational process lies the child. Analogy as the core of cognition stanford humanities. The original copycat was written in common lisp and is bitrotten as it relies on nowoutdated graphics libraries for lucid common. This survey offers an overview of analogical reasoning and its applications, showing that analogies are an important element of various cognitive abilities like memory access, adaptation, learning, reasoning, and creativity. Copycat is a model of analogy making and human cognition based on the concept of the parallel terraced scan, developed in 1988 by douglas hofstadter, melanie mitchell, and others at the center for research on concepts and cognition, indiana university bloomington. Analogy has been the focus of extensive research in cognitive science over the past two decades. Phrases like and so on, and the like, as if, and the very word like also rely on an analogical understanding by the receiver of a message including them. It has been argued that analogy is at the core of cognition 7, 1. Since 1967, however, there has been an explosion of research on how children of primary age.
By completing the exercises in this book, you will develop the skills necessary to tackle each type of analogy question. Once found, patterns are classified, related to other patterns, and used to predict yet further patterns and correlations. This includes the emergent similarity of new mental objects, such as categoriesa phenomenon we recognize as analogy. A developmental and computational perspective on the origins of a complex cognitive skill volume 31 issue 4 robert leech, denis mareschal, richard p. Placing analogy at the core of cognition hofstadter and sander provide a persuasive answer to the question what is thought. Integration of theory and data from the cognitive, computa j tional, and. Douglas hofstadter analogy as the core of cognition april 12, 2015 march 19, 2018 emergent cognition project i cant define anything and i kind of hate definitions but i will at least sort of give you a sense. Cognitive science questions for cognitive development. Title analogy as the core of cognition speaker douglas hofstadter affiliation center for research on concepts and cognition, indiana university bloomington. Nov 12, 20 douglas hofstadter director, center for research on concepts and cognition, indiana university the widely known author of godel, escher, bach. Cambridge core ethics elements of moral cognition by john mikhail. Most analogy questions rely on your ability to deduce the correct relationship between words and to draw logical conclusions about the possible answer. Pdf the central role of analogy in cognitive science researchgate.
Analogycore of cognition by hofstadter c o r t e x t. Analogies underlie creative thought and problem solving, and as such are implicated in virtually all aspects of human life. Analogies in science and science teaching advances in. A limitation of sme is the requirement for complex handcoded representations. Pdf the role of analogy in cognitive science semantic scholar. Specific analogical language comprises exemplification, comparisons, metaphors, similes, allegories, and parables, but not metonymy. Analogy in grammar jim blevins and juliette blevins 1. There is evidence that processes described by gentners 1983 structuremapping theory of analogy and similarity operate throughout human cognition. The students learn a new conceptualization of the atom. Taken from the back cover of the book by the way, its analogy as the fuel of cognition. Analogy a companion to cognitive science wiley online.
I dont think most neuroscientists think about it at all. Retrieval finding something good in memory to make an analogy with mapping finding correspondences between elements of the two analogues transferadaptation using and changing knowledge of one analogue to learn or invent something about the other. The study of human cognitive processes provides insight into why we act or react and can help us predict future behaviors. Therefore, analogies can provide a basis for integrated largescale cognitive. Many standardized testsincluding high school entrance exams. Elements of moral cognition by john mikhail cambridge core. Perspectives from cognitive science 499, 499 dedre. In cognition, authors thomas farmer and margaret matlin present an engaging and highly relatable examination of how these processes work, and how they are responsible for the way we perceive and interpret the world around us broad in scope without sacrificing depth of. An eternal golden braid argues that every concept in our minds arises from an accumulation of analogies. Steven pinker, harvard college professor of psychology, harvard university, and author of how the mind works and the stuff of thought i am one of those cog. Douglas hofstadter analogy as the core of cognition.
To me, however, analogy is anything but a bitty blip rather, its the very blue that fills the whole sky of cognition analogy is everything, or very nearly so, in my view. Specifically, analogy is a kind of similarity in which the same system of relations holds across different objects. Analogy as the core of cognition, douglas hofstadter by admin in this presidential lecture, cognitive scientist douglas hofstadter examines the role and contributions of analogy in cognition, using a variety of analogies to illustrate his points. Analogy is the mechanism underlying the myriad instances of concept formation and categorization we perform throughout any day, whether unconscious or explicit, without which there would be no thought. Noted cognitive scientist asserts that analogy is almost. This book is designed to help you prepare for the verbal and reasoning sections of many assessment and entrance exams. The writer douglas hofstadter even went so far as to say that analogy is the core of cognition, suggesting that the most. His lecture is entitled analogy as the core of cognition. Explanations of the role of analogies in learning science at a cognitive level are made in terms of creating bridges between new information and students prior knowledge. Analogy, in its most general sense, is this ability to think about relational patterns. The process of inexact matching between prior categories and new things being perceived whether those things are physical objects or bitesize events or grand. My work in vsa is driven by the goal of building a practical, effective analogical memoryreasoning system. Presidential lecture analogy as the core of cognition by. This information handout uses a magnet metaphor to explain schema maintenance.
Buy the print book check if you have access via personal or institutional login. In this presidential lecture, cognitive scientist douglas hofstadter examines the role and contributions of analogy in cognition, using a variety of analogies to illustrate his points. Having accepted but wavering as to what to say, i finally chose to eschew technicalities and instead to convey a. Far more than simply an illustrative or explanatory technique, analogies are fundamental to the way people think. Analogy as the core of cognition think of it this way. Analogy analogy and understanding analogy, as it has been studied by cognitive scientists over the past few decades, can be conceived of as a reasoning process b. Most current neuroscience seems focused on understanding what the primary b. Other cognitive scientists, such as douglas hofstadter as was already discussed in the context of the second principle call this ability analogy making, and claim that it rests at the core of our cognition, i. Hofstadter, a noted author, cognitive scientist and proud stanford son, returns to stanford in february, 2006, with a lecture called analogy as the core of cognition. Analogy as the core of cognition, in the analogical mind.
A number of valuable computational models of analogy have been created, capturing aspects of how people compare representations, retrieve potential analogs from memory, and learn from the results. Analogy is an inference that if two or more things agree with one another in some respects they will probably agree in others. Through analogy, novel situations and problems can be understood in terms of familiar ones. The key to solving an analogy question is to precisely describe the relationship between the pair of words and then apply the same relationship to determine which word completes the analogy. Sep 10, 2009 in this presidential lecture, cognitive scientist douglas hofstadter examines the role and contributions of analogy in cognition, using a variety of analogies to illustrate his points. Indeed, a case can be made for analogical processing as the very core of cognition.
Many ai researchers and cognitive scientists have argued that analogy is the core of cognition. Rawls linguistic analogy and the cognitive science of moral and legal judgment john mikhail read online. Analogy research has a long history and was subject of inves. A longterm memory node is accessed, transferred to shortterm memory and there unpacked to some degree, which yields new structures to be perceived, and the highlevel perceptual act activates yet further nodes, which are then in turn accessed, transferred, unpacked, etc. Analogy as the core of cognition stanford university. This is the simple but unorthodox premise that pulitzer prizewinning author douglas hofstadter and french psychologist emmanuel sander defend in their new work. Emailing resources to clients is restricted to only the advanced and team plans.
On the analogy between cognitive representation and truth 41 the core conditions in virtue of which all these concepts fall under the same term. Analogy as the core of cognition, douglas hofstadter. Therefore, analogies can provide a basis for integrated largescale cognitive systems. The analogical modeling of linguistic categories cambridge core. On the other hand, for a scientist 1 can be simply interpreted as a historically important proportional analogy. Developing a richer understanding of one thing by comparing it to another is the basic idea behind analogy. The core of human cognition the human mind is an inveterate pattern seeker. An eternal golden braid argues that every concept in. Hofstadter is college of arts and sciences professor of cognitive science, and director of the center for research on concepts and cognition, at indiana university. Analogy analogy and understanding analogy, as it has been studied by cognitive scientists over the past few decades, can be.
Title analogy as the core of cognition speaker douglas hofstadter affiliation center for research on concepts and cognition, indiana. Although we believe that analogy is indeed a central component of human cognition, it is. Analogy, roderick contends, is at the very heart of cognition and communication, and it is through analogy that we can begin dismantling the impossible wall between knowing and being. Analogies thus capture parallels across different situations. Once upon a time, i was invited to speak at an analogy workshop in the legendary city of sofia in the. That is the job that the original proposal inf was designed to fulfil. Language, cognition, and computation seminar series title analogy as the core of cognition speaker douglas hofstadter affiliation center for research on concepts and cognition, indiana university bloomington date tuesday, april 12, 2005.
Analogy is a specific form of similarity, but it is often quite vague. Although we believe that analogy is indeed a central component of human cognition, it is not quite the exclusive province of our species. Few of the analogies used in science are as straightforward as the simplest analogy such as an arm is to a leg as a hand is to a foot, but gentners structuremapping theory is helpful in understanding the nature of more complex analogies and in clarifying specific examples. Dec 17, 2009 analogy as the core of cognition here is a youtube of a february 6, 2009 stanford university presidential lecture by douglas hofstadter, one of the most interesting cognitive scienceartificial intelligence thinkers of our lifetime. Situated and embodied cognition perspectives on problem solving 243. Feb 12, 2019 what do neuroscientists think about douglas hofstadters lecturetheory on analogy as the core of cognition. Analogy is a core cognition process used to produce inferences as well as new ideas using previous knowledge and experience. Hofstadter once upon a time, i was invited to speak at an analogy workshop in the legendary city of sofia in the faroff land of bulgaria. We have two core hypotheses, inspired by research in cognitive science. Analogy as the core of cognition talk at stanford 262006.
The interview is about the analogy as a cognitive capability, its relationship. Forbus2 analogical mapping is a core process in human cognition. If analogy were merely a special variety of something that in itself lies way out on the peripheries, then it would be but an ittybitty blip in the broad blue sky of cognition. Ancient greek philosophy examined analogy as a proportional relation between objects. Douglas hofstadter demonstrates numerous analogies and talks about how analogy is at the core of cognition. Sorry, we are unable to provide the full text but you may find it at the following locations. Although we believe that analogy is indeed a central component. Analogy as the core of cognition stanford presidential lectures. Analogy lies at the core of human cognition, as holyoak et al. On the analogy between cognitive representation and truth. In this presidential lecture, cognitive scientist douglas hofstadter examines the role and contributions of analogy in cognition, using a variety of. What do neuroscientists think about douglas hofstadters lecturetheory on analogy as the core of cognition. Analogies have always been considered a central part of human intelligence and cognition.
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